What Is a Chain of Custody in Digital Forensics?
A chain of custody is a record of how evidence is identified, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed. The appropriate process depends on the evidence and the purpose of the investigation.
Identify each item
Assign a unique identifier and describe the device, file, account export, or other evidence clearly enough to distinguish it from other items.
Record collection details
Document who collected the item, when and where it was collected, the authority for collection, and the method used.
Track every transfer
Record the person transferring the evidence, the recipient, date and time, purpose, and relevant packaging or storage details.
Control access and storage
Restrict access to authorized people and use appropriate physical or digital safeguards. Record examination, copying, and export actions.
Document integrity checks
Where appropriate, use validated procedures and cryptographic hashes to help detect changes to files or forensic images. A hash alone does not establish that the original collection was lawful or complete.
Match the process to the case
Follow organizational policies and relevant legal requirements. For evidence likely to be used in court, seek qualified forensic and legal guidance.
Related guides
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